Memo Leak Investigation

입력 2014.12.02 (14:03) 수정 2014.12.02 (14:33)

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[Anchor Lead]

The Prosecutor’s Office has launched an official investigation into a memo leak from the presidential office. Two separate investigative teams will try to determine the authenticity of the memo and how it was leaked in the first place.

[Pkg]

The prosecution's investigation will be divided into two departments. Criminal Division One of the Seoul Central District Prosecutors Office will be in charge of the case petitioned by the presidential secretaries. They have claimed that they were defamed by the newspaper Segye Ilbo's report of false facts. The team specializes in defamation suits and has investigated or is investigating three other cases involving President Park's former top aide, Jeong Yun-hoe. The investigators will focus on whether the memo's content is true, how the document was written on whose order, and whether it was really Mr. Park, an ex-Cheong Wa Dae administrative officer, who wrote it. Investigation into how the document was leaked will be overseen by Special Investigation Division 2. This division usually handles corruption cases of high-ranking public officials or large conglomerates. The key is figuring out how the internal document was leaked out of Cheong Wa Dae and delivered to Segye Ilbo. Depending on the probe results, the investigation could expand to find out whether any other documents were leaked as well. The Prosecutors' Office explained that two teams were formed, because the case has gained extensive public attention and there are too many allegations to investigate. The prosecutors plan to call for questioning six plaintiffs, including a presidential secretary, and Mr. Park, who has been banned from leaving the country.

2. President Responds

[Anchor Lead]

President Park Geun-hye says the leak of a document regarding her former senior aide Jeong Yun-hoe was an unacceptable act of national shame. She has ordered the authorities to investigate the leak itself as well as its contents to put the brakes on the rumor mill.

[Pkg]

Three days after a document on her former senior aide Jeong Yun-hoe was leaked, President Park Geun-hye announced her stance. In a meeting with her senior aides on Monday, Park said that leaking presidential office documents was a nationally deplorable act.

[Soundbite] Park Geun-hye (President) : "I don't know what the motivation was behind the document leak, but it is unacceptable and shameful. Such deplorable acts by those in public office are among the deep-rooted evils that must be eradicated."

The president stressed that the speculations about interference in state affairs by her confidantes, including Jeong Yun-hoe, were groundless. She also took issue with the way the press had been covering the matter.

[Soundbite] "I do not think it is right to raise speculations and report about secret figures and hidden powers without checking the facts with those involved."

The president has ordered prosecutors to closely investigate how the document was leaked and whether or not its contents were true.

[Soundbite] "Whoever it is, if their inappropriate acts are uncovered, will receive punishment regardless of rank or status."

The president vowed to hold responsible those who leaked the document if there had been any malicious intent.

3. Transport Fare Hike

[Anchor Lead]

It's been confirmed that the city government of Seoul is looking to raise city bus and subway fares by roughly 25% in early 2015. The fare hike is designed to reduce deficits for these transportation means. To ease financial burden on commuters, the city will adopt a monthly pass for the first time and discounts for early morning and late night riders.

[Pkg]

This is a pass for the Japanese subway system. It allows an unlimited number of rides within a set period.

[Soundbite] Hisami Harada (Japanese Subway Pass User) : "I can save on commuting cost and it's convenient because I don't have to pay every time I ride the subway."

The Seoul Metropolitan Government, currently pushing for a transit fare hike, has decided to introduce a similar pass system. A Seoul city source said that the pass is likely to be priced lower than the nearly 40 dollars it costs for a commuter taking public transportation twice daily for about 20 days a month. The fare is projected to increase by 25%, or between 23 and 27 cents per ride. The city of Seoul has long been negotiating with the central government for a fare hike, since the city buses and subways have been incurring losses of hundreds of millions of dollars annually. In order to relieve some of the burden on bus and subway riders, the city will adopt a time-based discount program. Fares will be lowered considerably for the late night and early morning hours, when more low-income people tend to use public transportation. The new fare structure will be announced next month at the earliest.

4. Jang's Downfall

[Anchor Lead]

It's been almost a year since the high-ranking North Korean official Jang Song-taek was executed. Experts on North Korea say the regime is still doing whatever it can to erase traces of Jang’s influence, publicly executing his allies.

[Pkg]

In late February of 2014, about two months after Jang Song-taek's execution, Kim Jong-un convened a high-profile meeting of Workers' Party officials for the first time in 10 years. The North Korean leader proceeded to criticize people close to Jang as "modern-day heretics" and "turncoats."

[Soundbite] Korean Central TV (N. Korea, Feb. 26) : "Political actions that challenge the party begin when the ideology goes wrong."

Sources say Kim clandestinely ordered the party leadership to eliminate everyone who was close to Jang Song-taek, his so-called 'shadow.' The Institute for National Security Strategy, an affiliate of the National Intelligence Service, says that the removal of Jang Song-taek's vestiges is still a work in progress. In September of this year 20 high-ranking North Korean politicians were executed, and some 10 more from the Kanggun Military School were executed by firing squad in October as well. Sources say recently several politicians and public security officials were either demoted or executed for drinking problems.

[Soundbite] Hyun Seong-il (Senior Researcher, INSS) : "The purge targeting influential figures is still being carried out intensively as part of efforts to get rid of Jang Song-taek's legacy."

Experts appear to be split on whether Kim Jong-un's terror regime, which now marks its third year, will further strengthen his power grip or undermine it.

5. Dishonest Advertising

[Anchor Lead]

A growing number of people are deciding to undergo cosmetic surgery, tempted by the advertisements plastered all over the subway trains, buses and even cyber space. But the problem is that although many of these ads are false or exaggerated claims, they're outside the reaches of government regulation.

[Pkg]

This woman in her 20s went to the dentist and received double-jaw surgery last May. She decided to have the operation after seeing an advertisement claiming to use transparent and dissolvable pins to secure the facial bones. However, she learned right after surgery that the doctors had not used the transparent pins, but those made out of metal, and that she needed additional surgery.

[Soundbite] Plastic Surgery Victim (Voice Modified) : "After the surgery, the hospital casually said that metal pins were used. I was so shocked and angry that I was left speechless."

A survey by the Korea Consumer Agency found that 32% of one thousand people who received plastic surgery over the past three years were unsatisfied with the outcome of their procedure because of complications. Many of the patients chose hospitals based on the advertisements they saw in buses and subway trains. The trouble is that the ads in subways, buses, and even mobile and social networking services are outside the regulatory scope of preliminary reviews for medical advertising.

[Soundbite] Hwang Jin-ja (Official, Korea Consumer Agency) : "We plan to suggest to the authorities that ad regulations be made tighter, so ads outside the regulatory scope can be brought within boundaries."

The Korea Consumer Agency advises that consumers not be seduced by exaggerated claims on ads and teenagers be especially cautious about undergoing plastic surgery.

6. Dolphin Show

[Anchor Lead]

After a six-month renovation, the Seoul Zoo has held the first dolphin show. But despite a new name and rennovations, the show is still being criticized for animal abuse.

[Pkg]

A dolphin presentation is being staged in front of an audience for the first time in six months. The audience can learn about dolphin varieties, their size and other characteristics. They are also told a story about Jedori the dolphin, who was released into the ocean after spending some time at the Seoul Zoo.

[Soundbite] Son Ah-rang (Visitor) : "It was fun to see dolphins."

But not much has changed from the way the show was held in the past. The zookeepers make the dolphins leap and twirl by sending them signals. In fact, the reason for suspending dolphin presentations in the first place was the renovation of facilities, which had little to do with the animals.

[Soundbite] Seo Wan-beom (Zookeeper) : "We renovated the facility to improve safety. It's difficult to say whether it's better or worse for the dolphins."

Animal rights activists say that many dolphins are still suffering in small aquariums.

[Soundbite] Hwang Hyeon-jin (CEO, Hot Pink Dolphins) : "Public awareness has changed, but conglomerates and show-organizing companies are importing even more dolphins."

The controversy over dolphin shows is unlikely to subside any time soon. Animal rights activists point out that dolphins are highly active and social animals that can fall ill or even die when confined to small aquariums and fed dead fish.

7. 3D Printer Art

[Anchor Lead]

There have been reports about drones or artificial organs that were printed out from 3D printers as the machines continuously improve. The state-of-the-art printing technology is also useful for artists and designers. Here is the story.

[Pkg]

A simple, minimalist dress an eye-catching dress and a hat that are based on an eagle. All the clothes and accessories were produced by 3D printers. 3D printers were used to imprint the patterns and designs on a plastic material similar to synthetic fabric. The cutting-edge printing technology is so sophisticated that it can even produce meshy or lacy textures.

[Soundbite] Park Seon-kyeong (Visitor) : "I thought that 3D printers could only be used to produce furniture. But they also make clothes I can wear."

Using 3D printers has become common for making small accessories, like necklaces and bracelets, since it is convenient and coloring the items are light work.

[Soundbite] Koh Mun-jung (Chief, Design Company) : "Designers are able to turn any creative designs into reality through this machine, and 3D-printed products have become a brand."

Sculptors have to make models before beginning to sculpt. But now, 3D printers allow them to skip the process of modeling and produce sculptures right away.

[Soundbite] Prof. Chung Yong-jin (Kookmin University) : "3D printers are very useful for artists in producing whatever they want, because they make it possible to produce and change shapes that don't exist in reality."

3D printers are broadening the horizons for artists and designers.

8. Radio Television Blur

[Anchor Lead]

Radio and television: the border between these two different media outlets is starting to blur. Want to see what we mean? Here is the story.

[Soundbite] "My mom refuses to have a smartphone, which everyone else seems to have. I hope she enjoys her life before it’s gets becomes too late."

[Pkg]

This message is about an overly thrifty mother. It sounds like a radio show addressing messages from listeners. But actually, it is a radio-style TV program, which deals with viewers' stories instead of flashy visuals.

[Soundbite] Kim Min-tae (Citizen) : "By talking about my problems with other people, we can understand each other and work out solutions."

This is a radio studio where a live show is underway.

[Soundbite] "How long have you been married? Four months. You're newlyweds!"

The hosts' interview with a newly married couple is aired online. In the early days of visual radio, only the hosts were shown to the public. But now, listeners are sometimes invited to the studio as with a TV talk show. Cameras are closely monitored to produce the best shots.

[Soundbite] Hyun In-cheol (Radio Producer) : "Visual content is more widely consumed these days so we add subtitles or edit the video more tightly to overcome standards."

The break-down of boundaries between radio and TV is paving the way for production of more varied and enjoyable broadcast content.

9. Root Vegetable Tips

[Anchor Lead]

Root vegetables such as lotus and burdock roots are in season when the gap between morning and daytime temperatures is at its widest. Here's more on the multiple health properties of lotus and burdock roots.

[Pkg]

Burdock roots are known to be quite long because they stretch down as much as possible to reach water in the soil. Their length surpasses two meters.

[Soundbite] Kwon Hyuk-ho (Burdock Farmer) : "Burdock is cultivated through double cropping. Burdock that's sown in spring and harvested in fall tastes the best."

In Korean cuisine, burdock roots are usually cooked by slicing them and boiling them down in soy sauce. They are also added to the cellophane noodle dish "japchae" along with other vegetables.

[Soundbite] Prof. Yoon Taek-jun (Yuhan College) : "Burdock contains an essential amino acid called arginine, which is good for growing children. It also contains an oligosaccharide called inulin, which boosts kidney function and acts as a diuretic."

Another nutritious root vegetable is the lotus root. Lotus roots are harvested in mid-October. In fact, they are not roots but stems that grow in the soil. While burdock roots are solid and thin, lotus roots are round and have numerous holes inside. Lotus roots that are long and thick are regarded to be of good quality. If you cut a fresh lotus root in half, you'll see a sticky liquid inside.

[Soundbite] "The liquid is called "mucin." It's a protein containing sugar. In addition to protecting the stomach wall, it also detoxifies nicotine and other toxins."

Lotus roots fried over medium heat taste especially good. Even children like their crunchy texture and savory taste. Lotus and burdock roots can also be enjoyed as tea. First, wash the roots, slice them thinly and dry in a food dehydrator for about three hours at 60 degrees Celsius. Or you can dry them in the sun during the day and fry them for about 10 minutes without burning them. Burdock tea is known for its excellent property to lower body heat, while lotus root tea is known to keep the body warm.

[Soundbite] Choi Jong-ho (Korean Medicine Doctor) : "Lotus roots are rich in vitamin C, help improve digestion and treat gastritis. Drinking lotus root tea is a good way to consume their nutrients. As for burdock, it helps people get rid of constipation and lose weight because it's low in fat but rich in fiber."

Burdock and lotus roots can also be used to make simple desserts. First, thinly slice the roots, rinse them in water and boil them along with some vinegar and rice water. This way you can soften the astringent taste and enhance the color. Strain the roots when they become soft and mix with sugar and starch syrup at the ratio of 1-1. Then boil them down over low heat. When the roots become translucent, add some honey and boil for five more minutes. Then let it cool. When the temperatures outside plunge to subzero levels, lotus and burdock roots can help you stay warm and healthy during the winter.

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  • Memo Leak Investigation
    • 입력 2014-12-02 09:32:10
    • 수정2014-12-02 14:33:23
    News Today
[Anchor Lead]

The Prosecutor’s Office has launched an official investigation into a memo leak from the presidential office. Two separate investigative teams will try to determine the authenticity of the memo and how it was leaked in the first place.

[Pkg]

The prosecution's investigation will be divided into two departments. Criminal Division One of the Seoul Central District Prosecutors Office will be in charge of the case petitioned by the presidential secretaries. They have claimed that they were defamed by the newspaper Segye Ilbo's report of false facts. The team specializes in defamation suits and has investigated or is investigating three other cases involving President Park's former top aide, Jeong Yun-hoe. The investigators will focus on whether the memo's content is true, how the document was written on whose order, and whether it was really Mr. Park, an ex-Cheong Wa Dae administrative officer, who wrote it. Investigation into how the document was leaked will be overseen by Special Investigation Division 2. This division usually handles corruption cases of high-ranking public officials or large conglomerates. The key is figuring out how the internal document was leaked out of Cheong Wa Dae and delivered to Segye Ilbo. Depending on the probe results, the investigation could expand to find out whether any other documents were leaked as well. The Prosecutors' Office explained that two teams were formed, because the case has gained extensive public attention and there are too many allegations to investigate. The prosecutors plan to call for questioning six plaintiffs, including a presidential secretary, and Mr. Park, who has been banned from leaving the country.

2. President Responds

[Anchor Lead]

President Park Geun-hye says the leak of a document regarding her former senior aide Jeong Yun-hoe was an unacceptable act of national shame. She has ordered the authorities to investigate the leak itself as well as its contents to put the brakes on the rumor mill.

[Pkg]

Three days after a document on her former senior aide Jeong Yun-hoe was leaked, President Park Geun-hye announced her stance. In a meeting with her senior aides on Monday, Park said that leaking presidential office documents was a nationally deplorable act.

[Soundbite] Park Geun-hye (President) : "I don't know what the motivation was behind the document leak, but it is unacceptable and shameful. Such deplorable acts by those in public office are among the deep-rooted evils that must be eradicated."

The president stressed that the speculations about interference in state affairs by her confidantes, including Jeong Yun-hoe, were groundless. She also took issue with the way the press had been covering the matter.

[Soundbite] "I do not think it is right to raise speculations and report about secret figures and hidden powers without checking the facts with those involved."

The president has ordered prosecutors to closely investigate how the document was leaked and whether or not its contents were true.

[Soundbite] "Whoever it is, if their inappropriate acts are uncovered, will receive punishment regardless of rank or status."

The president vowed to hold responsible those who leaked the document if there had been any malicious intent.

3. Transport Fare Hike

[Anchor Lead]

It's been confirmed that the city government of Seoul is looking to raise city bus and subway fares by roughly 25% in early 2015. The fare hike is designed to reduce deficits for these transportation means. To ease financial burden on commuters, the city will adopt a monthly pass for the first time and discounts for early morning and late night riders.

[Pkg]

This is a pass for the Japanese subway system. It allows an unlimited number of rides within a set period.

[Soundbite] Hisami Harada (Japanese Subway Pass User) : "I can save on commuting cost and it's convenient because I don't have to pay every time I ride the subway."

The Seoul Metropolitan Government, currently pushing for a transit fare hike, has decided to introduce a similar pass system. A Seoul city source said that the pass is likely to be priced lower than the nearly 40 dollars it costs for a commuter taking public transportation twice daily for about 20 days a month. The fare is projected to increase by 25%, or between 23 and 27 cents per ride. The city of Seoul has long been negotiating with the central government for a fare hike, since the city buses and subways have been incurring losses of hundreds of millions of dollars annually. In order to relieve some of the burden on bus and subway riders, the city will adopt a time-based discount program. Fares will be lowered considerably for the late night and early morning hours, when more low-income people tend to use public transportation. The new fare structure will be announced next month at the earliest.

4. Jang's Downfall

[Anchor Lead]

It's been almost a year since the high-ranking North Korean official Jang Song-taek was executed. Experts on North Korea say the regime is still doing whatever it can to erase traces of Jang’s influence, publicly executing his allies.

[Pkg]

In late February of 2014, about two months after Jang Song-taek's execution, Kim Jong-un convened a high-profile meeting of Workers' Party officials for the first time in 10 years. The North Korean leader proceeded to criticize people close to Jang as "modern-day heretics" and "turncoats."

[Soundbite] Korean Central TV (N. Korea, Feb. 26) : "Political actions that challenge the party begin when the ideology goes wrong."

Sources say Kim clandestinely ordered the party leadership to eliminate everyone who was close to Jang Song-taek, his so-called 'shadow.' The Institute for National Security Strategy, an affiliate of the National Intelligence Service, says that the removal of Jang Song-taek's vestiges is still a work in progress. In September of this year 20 high-ranking North Korean politicians were executed, and some 10 more from the Kanggun Military School were executed by firing squad in October as well. Sources say recently several politicians and public security officials were either demoted or executed for drinking problems.

[Soundbite] Hyun Seong-il (Senior Researcher, INSS) : "The purge targeting influential figures is still being carried out intensively as part of efforts to get rid of Jang Song-taek's legacy."

Experts appear to be split on whether Kim Jong-un's terror regime, which now marks its third year, will further strengthen his power grip or undermine it.

5. Dishonest Advertising

[Anchor Lead]

A growing number of people are deciding to undergo cosmetic surgery, tempted by the advertisements plastered all over the subway trains, buses and even cyber space. But the problem is that although many of these ads are false or exaggerated claims, they're outside the reaches of government regulation.

[Pkg]

This woman in her 20s went to the dentist and received double-jaw surgery last May. She decided to have the operation after seeing an advertisement claiming to use transparent and dissolvable pins to secure the facial bones. However, she learned right after surgery that the doctors had not used the transparent pins, but those made out of metal, and that she needed additional surgery.

[Soundbite] Plastic Surgery Victim (Voice Modified) : "After the surgery, the hospital casually said that metal pins were used. I was so shocked and angry that I was left speechless."

A survey by the Korea Consumer Agency found that 32% of one thousand people who received plastic surgery over the past three years were unsatisfied with the outcome of their procedure because of complications. Many of the patients chose hospitals based on the advertisements they saw in buses and subway trains. The trouble is that the ads in subways, buses, and even mobile and social networking services are outside the regulatory scope of preliminary reviews for medical advertising.

[Soundbite] Hwang Jin-ja (Official, Korea Consumer Agency) : "We plan to suggest to the authorities that ad regulations be made tighter, so ads outside the regulatory scope can be brought within boundaries."

The Korea Consumer Agency advises that consumers not be seduced by exaggerated claims on ads and teenagers be especially cautious about undergoing plastic surgery.

6. Dolphin Show

[Anchor Lead]

After a six-month renovation, the Seoul Zoo has held the first dolphin show. But despite a new name and rennovations, the show is still being criticized for animal abuse.

[Pkg]

A dolphin presentation is being staged in front of an audience for the first time in six months. The audience can learn about dolphin varieties, their size and other characteristics. They are also told a story about Jedori the dolphin, who was released into the ocean after spending some time at the Seoul Zoo.

[Soundbite] Son Ah-rang (Visitor) : "It was fun to see dolphins."

But not much has changed from the way the show was held in the past. The zookeepers make the dolphins leap and twirl by sending them signals. In fact, the reason for suspending dolphin presentations in the first place was the renovation of facilities, which had little to do with the animals.

[Soundbite] Seo Wan-beom (Zookeeper) : "We renovated the facility to improve safety. It's difficult to say whether it's better or worse for the dolphins."

Animal rights activists say that many dolphins are still suffering in small aquariums.

[Soundbite] Hwang Hyeon-jin (CEO, Hot Pink Dolphins) : "Public awareness has changed, but conglomerates and show-organizing companies are importing even more dolphins."

The controversy over dolphin shows is unlikely to subside any time soon. Animal rights activists point out that dolphins are highly active and social animals that can fall ill or even die when confined to small aquariums and fed dead fish.

7. 3D Printer Art

[Anchor Lead]

There have been reports about drones or artificial organs that were printed out from 3D printers as the machines continuously improve. The state-of-the-art printing technology is also useful for artists and designers. Here is the story.

[Pkg]

A simple, minimalist dress an eye-catching dress and a hat that are based on an eagle. All the clothes and accessories were produced by 3D printers. 3D printers were used to imprint the patterns and designs on a plastic material similar to synthetic fabric. The cutting-edge printing technology is so sophisticated that it can even produce meshy or lacy textures.

[Soundbite] Park Seon-kyeong (Visitor) : "I thought that 3D printers could only be used to produce furniture. But they also make clothes I can wear."

Using 3D printers has become common for making small accessories, like necklaces and bracelets, since it is convenient and coloring the items are light work.

[Soundbite] Koh Mun-jung (Chief, Design Company) : "Designers are able to turn any creative designs into reality through this machine, and 3D-printed products have become a brand."

Sculptors have to make models before beginning to sculpt. But now, 3D printers allow them to skip the process of modeling and produce sculptures right away.

[Soundbite] Prof. Chung Yong-jin (Kookmin University) : "3D printers are very useful for artists in producing whatever they want, because they make it possible to produce and change shapes that don't exist in reality."

3D printers are broadening the horizons for artists and designers.

8. Radio Television Blur

[Anchor Lead]

Radio and television: the border between these two different media outlets is starting to blur. Want to see what we mean? Here is the story.

[Soundbite] "My mom refuses to have a smartphone, which everyone else seems to have. I hope she enjoys her life before it’s gets becomes too late."

[Pkg]

This message is about an overly thrifty mother. It sounds like a radio show addressing messages from listeners. But actually, it is a radio-style TV program, which deals with viewers' stories instead of flashy visuals.

[Soundbite] Kim Min-tae (Citizen) : "By talking about my problems with other people, we can understand each other and work out solutions."

This is a radio studio where a live show is underway.

[Soundbite] "How long have you been married? Four months. You're newlyweds!"

The hosts' interview with a newly married couple is aired online. In the early days of visual radio, only the hosts were shown to the public. But now, listeners are sometimes invited to the studio as with a TV talk show. Cameras are closely monitored to produce the best shots.

[Soundbite] Hyun In-cheol (Radio Producer) : "Visual content is more widely consumed these days so we add subtitles or edit the video more tightly to overcome standards."

The break-down of boundaries between radio and TV is paving the way for production of more varied and enjoyable broadcast content.

9. Root Vegetable Tips

[Anchor Lead]

Root vegetables such as lotus and burdock roots are in season when the gap between morning and daytime temperatures is at its widest. Here's more on the multiple health properties of lotus and burdock roots.

[Pkg]

Burdock roots are known to be quite long because they stretch down as much as possible to reach water in the soil. Their length surpasses two meters.

[Soundbite] Kwon Hyuk-ho (Burdock Farmer) : "Burdock is cultivated through double cropping. Burdock that's sown in spring and harvested in fall tastes the best."

In Korean cuisine, burdock roots are usually cooked by slicing them and boiling them down in soy sauce. They are also added to the cellophane noodle dish "japchae" along with other vegetables.

[Soundbite] Prof. Yoon Taek-jun (Yuhan College) : "Burdock contains an essential amino acid called arginine, which is good for growing children. It also contains an oligosaccharide called inulin, which boosts kidney function and acts as a diuretic."

Another nutritious root vegetable is the lotus root. Lotus roots are harvested in mid-October. In fact, they are not roots but stems that grow in the soil. While burdock roots are solid and thin, lotus roots are round and have numerous holes inside. Lotus roots that are long and thick are regarded to be of good quality. If you cut a fresh lotus root in half, you'll see a sticky liquid inside.

[Soundbite] "The liquid is called "mucin." It's a protein containing sugar. In addition to protecting the stomach wall, it also detoxifies nicotine and other toxins."

Lotus roots fried over medium heat taste especially good. Even children like their crunchy texture and savory taste. Lotus and burdock roots can also be enjoyed as tea. First, wash the roots, slice them thinly and dry in a food dehydrator for about three hours at 60 degrees Celsius. Or you can dry them in the sun during the day and fry them for about 10 minutes without burning them. Burdock tea is known for its excellent property to lower body heat, while lotus root tea is known to keep the body warm.

[Soundbite] Choi Jong-ho (Korean Medicine Doctor) : "Lotus roots are rich in vitamin C, help improve digestion and treat gastritis. Drinking lotus root tea is a good way to consume their nutrients. As for burdock, it helps people get rid of constipation and lose weight because it's low in fat but rich in fiber."

Burdock and lotus roots can also be used to make simple desserts. First, thinly slice the roots, rinse them in water and boil them along with some vinegar and rice water. This way you can soften the astringent taste and enhance the color. Strain the roots when they become soft and mix with sugar and starch syrup at the ratio of 1-1. Then boil them down over low heat. When the roots become translucent, add some honey and boil for five more minutes. Then let it cool. When the temperatures outside plunge to subzero levels, lotus and burdock roots can help you stay warm and healthy during the winter.

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